Macroeconomic time series

Display of a time series

In the time series single view, all important information about a time series is provided - from properties to a graph to the value table with export options and the ability to add the time series to the data basket. The observation period can be selected individually.

Time series

Properties

All statistical information about the time series and its usage is consolidated in a side information panel.

For all time series with a systematic key, an interpretation of the key is available. This can be accessed via the "Interpretation" button next to the time series key.

The time series key can be copied to the clipboard using the "Copy" button in the time series key dialog box.

Graph

In the graph configuration dialog, all the differences available for this time series can be selected and displayed in the single view of a time series. The dialog only offers differences that are actually present in the time series.

The selection of the observation period also affects the graph. When hovering over the graph with the mouse, the respective value and the corresponding date are displayed directly in the graph.

Values

The table of values for the time series contains data on time, value and status for each individual observation as well as the relative or absolute period-to-period and year-on-year change where appropriate. These changes are calculated from the unrounded time series values, and from hypothetical euro-based values where appropriate. The data in the "value" and "change" columns may therefore differ from one another on account of rounding.

Each time series value may have a value status describing it in more detail.

The table of values can be displayed in full screen mode.

Interpretation of Bundesbank data

DM/euro series

In national analyses, the irrevocably fixed exchange rate is often also assumed for the past in order to avoid breaks in time series. However, this procedure becomes problematic when historical data for different countries are converted into euro and then aggregated or compared with one another, since it is incorrectly assumed that the exchange rates between the national currencies were already fixed in the past. This can result in a distorted representation of the interplay between real and monetary processes within and among the economies.

Series given as DM/euro are stated in DM until December 1998 and then in euro. The rates of change in the "Year-on-year percentage change" and "Period-to-period percentage change" columns are calculated solely in euro.

Statistical breaks 

The DM/euro-denominated non-seasonally adjusted series showing outstanding amounts may contain statistical breaks which are not individually noted.

Assets and liabilities of banks in Germany

Firstly, we recommend reading the methodological notes in Statistical Series "Banking statistics".

The results for each of the most recent reporting dates are always provisional. Changes as a result of subsequent revisions, which are included in the publication for the following reporting date, are not specifically noted.

The statistics on banking business in Germany do not contain the assets and liabilities of branches of German banks abroad; however, they do include the business of branches of foreign banks in Germany.

Statistical exceptional trends are not noted in the series showing outstanding amounts. As a result of changes in the reporting sample or the survey forms/reporting methods, there were large statistical breaks in the time series at the following times:

December 1959
Inclusion of credit institutions in Saarland in the reporting sample.

December 1960
Inclusion of housing promotion institutions in the reporting sample.

December 1985
Inclusion of small cooperative banks – which until then had not been required to report – in the reporting sample.

June 1990
Inclusion of east German credit institutions in the reporting sample.

January 1995
Adjustment of banking statistics to the Federal Statistical Office's "classification of economic activities", 1993 issue (WZ 93).

January 1999
Conversion of the German banking statistics as part of harmonisation within European monetary union, involving the following changes:
Inclusion of building and loan associations' reporting data;
Treating building and loan associations as banks (previously non-banks) for the sectoral classification of counterparties of those required to report;
Changes and limitations to the time window for assets and liabilities;
Removal of assets and liabilities arising from fiduciary services from the classification of loans and deposits.

External position of non-banks

(Exposures and liabilities of German enterprises vis-à-vis foreign institutions).

This primarily includes exposures and liabilities of domestic enterprises (including individuals) vis-à-vis non-residents arising from financial relationships and trade credit (credit terms and advances). It does not include participating interests in foreign enterprises, non-residents' participating interests in the equity capital of domestic enterprises or securitised assets and liabilities vis-à-vis non-residents. 

Direct investment statistics

As of reporting year 2013 the foreign direct investment stocks are shown backdated to the year 2010 based on new internationally harmonized calculation requirements of the OECD Benchmark Definition, 4th edition. 

The results for each of the most recent reporting dates are always provisional. Changes as a result of subsequent revisions are not specifically noted.

Selected seasonally adjusted business statistics

Seasonally adjusted figures are calculated using estimation methods and are subject to a degree of uncertainty. This means that minor changes from one period to the next in the last place of the displayed figures are also not necessarily indicative of economically induced changes. The series are usually reproduced with a degree of accuracy which allows the mainly rounded rates of change stated in the Bundesbank's analyses to be verified.

More information on seasonal adjustment:

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